Table 3 Unadjusted and adjusted correlates of access to ANC based on univariate and multivariate logistic mixed regression (with random intercepts for enumeration areas) analyses, respectively

Region (Ref = Adamawa)

Centre (without Yaounde)

1.62–3.56

0.76–1.62

Douala

4.39–10.24

0.88–2.09

East

1.02–2.30

0.61–1.32

Far-North

0.66–1.41

0.77–1.56

Littoral (without Douala)

2.00–4.75

0.77–1.8

North

0.38–0.88

0.37–0.81

North–West

1.25–3.06

0.53–1.26

South

1.51–3.42

0.58–1.28

South–West

1.19–3.94

0.25–0.79

West

1.93–4.21

0.83–1.75

Yaounde

4.46–10.28

1.00–2.33

Place of residence (Ref = Rural)

Urban

2.49–3.73

Household wealth (Ref = Very poor)

Poorer

1.51–2.51

1.03–1.76

Middle

2.02–3.39

1.08–1.88

Richer

4.1–6.95

1.6–2.92

Very rich

8.54–14.86

2.15–4.25

Partner’s education (Ref = No level)

Primary

1.88–3.08

1.02–1.76

Secondary

3.75–6.11

1.35–2.39

Higher

7.68–14.63

1.42–3.08

Woman’s education (Ref = No level)

Primary

2.13–3.33

1.12–1.88

Secondary

4.39–6.87

1.38–2.44

Higher

10.56–21.82

1.54–3.78

Religion (Ref = Animist)

Christian

1.06–3.65

0.56–1.87

Muslim

0.44–1.54

0.40–1.38

Other

0.64–3.19

0.42–2.12

Household head gender (Ref = Female)

Male

0.71–1.06

Woman’s age (Ref = 15–20 years)

20–24

0.96–1.73

0.95–1.74

25–29

1.04–1.85

1.08–2.03

30–34

1.06–1.91

1.16–2.31

35–39

1.04–1.93

1.27–2.71

40–44

0.84–1.8

1.16–2.85

45–49

0.56–2.35

0.96–4.23

Parity (Ref = 1)

[2–3]

0.76–1.13

0.65–1.01

[4–5]

0.61–0.94

0.52–0.89

6 + 

0.46–0.73

0.43–0.80

Partner’s age (Ref = 15–24 years)

25–34

0.96–1.91

35–44

0.93–1.85

45–54

0.86–1.80

55–64

0.55–1.46

Distance to health facility (Ref = Not a big problem)

A big problem

0.5–0.67

0.64–0.87